{"id":1785,"date":"2013-02-22T10:13:30","date_gmt":"2013-02-22T07:13:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/54.234.154.4\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2015-05-16T06:35:39","modified_gmt":"2015-05-16T03:35:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 – \u0628\u062d\u062b – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 – \u0628\u062d\u062b – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b>
\n<\/b><\/span>
\n\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <\/span>
\n\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f <\/span>
\n\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 <\/span><\/p>\n

2006<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0626 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639. <\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b : <\/span>
\n\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span>
\n\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n1\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/span>
\n1\/2 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/span>
\n1\/3 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/span>
\n1\/4 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/span>
\n1\/5 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 – \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n1\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. <\/span>
\n1\/2 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629”. <\/span>
\n1\/3 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200c\u062f- \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n1\/4 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637. \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n2- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Command \u060c Motivation \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n4- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. <\/span>
\n2- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646: <\/span>
\n– \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 – \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631<\/span>
\n– \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 – \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a <\/span>
\n4- \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (Flippo 1972): <\/span>
\n\u0623 \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0649 Mechanical Approach: <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644. <\/span>
\n2- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n3- \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. <\/span>
\n4- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0649 Paternalism<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1920-1930\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0635\u0631 Children \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n1- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. <\/span>
\n2- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647. <\/span>
\n3- \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 Social System Approach (1930-1980\u0645)<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n1- \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n2- \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n3- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631. <\/span>
\n4- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1926 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 “\u0647\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646”. <\/span>
\n5- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. <\/span>
\n6- \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. <\/span>
\n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062b \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. (\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0649 1999 \u060c Flippo 1972)<\/span>
\n\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1980\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) <\/span>
\n\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 Total Quality Management (TQM) \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n2\/1 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span>
\n2\/2 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span>
\n2\/3 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 <\/span>
\n2\/4 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span>
\n2\/5 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 <\/span>
\n2\/6 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\n2\/7 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u2003<\/span>
\n2\/1 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n2\/1\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. <\/span>
\n(Coddington, et.-al., 1985, Smith and Reid 1986)<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Wilson 1986)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a.<\/span>
\n(Tichy, et.-al., 1982, Schuler and Jackson 1987)<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Wright, et.-al., 2001)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n(Lado, Wilson 1994, Wright, et.-al., 2001, Callins and Clark 2003)<\/span>
\n2\/1\/2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0639\u0631\u0641 (Kotler 2000) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Creation-Value \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 Superior Efficiency: \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 Superior Quality: \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 Superior Innovativeness: \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 Superior Customer Responsiveness: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e 2004)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n(Brackbank 1999)<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n1- \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n5- \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644) \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u2003<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\nSource: Brockbank, W., ifHR were Really Strategically Proactive: Present and Future Directions in HR’s Contribution to Competitive Advantage, Human Resource Management, (Vol. 38, No. 4, 1999), P. 339. <\/span>
\n\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2\/1) <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0649: \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0649: \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0627\u0647: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649: \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a: \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n

\/1\/3 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637: <\/span>
\n\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n2- \u0622\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0622\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 <\/span>
\n\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/span>
\n\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span>
\nSource: Fattler, M., Achieving Competitive Advantage Through Strategic Human Resource Management, Hospital & Health Services Administration, (Vol. 35, No. 3, Fall 1990), P. 351<\/span>
\n\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2\/2) <\/span>
\n\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. <\/span>
\n2- \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. <\/span>
\n2\/1\/4 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2\/3) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n2- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. <\/span>
\n3- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627) \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n4- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n2\/1\/5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. <\/span>
\n5- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0649. <\/span>
\n6- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n7- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n8- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643. <\/span>
\n9- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n10- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. <\/span>
\n11- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. <\/span>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0649. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n5- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n6- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n7- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. (Chiavenato, 2001)<\/span><\/p>\n

2 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/span>
\n2\/2\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. (Hart and Schlesinger 1991)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. (Schonberger, 1994)<\/span>
\n2\/2\/2 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (Matherly and Lasater 1992) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645: \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629). <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Max Hand 1992) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (McDermott 1993) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a”. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (West 1991) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (Shofritz, et.-al. 1986) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629”. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Schuster and Zingheim 1992) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n2\/2\/3 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Klein 1989)<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n2\/2\/3\/1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645: \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u00ac \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. (Albert and Jennfer 1992)<\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646): \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Scott 1991, Falk 1993, Luthans and Kreitner 1985)<\/span><\/p>\n

2\/3\/3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: <\/span>
\n\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n3- \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0643\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628: \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062f- \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0647- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632: \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 :\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n(Schuster and Patricia 1992, Miller 1993, Bowen 1992)<\/span>
\n2\/2\/3\/3 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062f- \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. (Taylor 1994, Geinnodo 1987)<\/span>
\n2\/2\/3\/4 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: <\/span>
\n1- \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628. <\/span>
\n2- \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631. <\/span>
\n4- \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d (\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a). <\/span>
\n(Dobrznski 1993, Peters 1991)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 Intellectual Capital<\/span>
\n2\/3\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. (Ulrich 1998)<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639. (Chiavenato 2001)<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 Intellectual Capital \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. (Skyrme 1999)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. (Wiig 1997)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 95 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. (Hall 1992)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. (Wiig 1997)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u2013 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n2\/3\/2 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0649 1999 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 (\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649) \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649. (Guthrie 2001)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: (Heisig, et.-al. 2001)<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2\/4)<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c 2003 \u060c \u0635 266. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2\/4) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 Hardware \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u2013 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: (Joia 2000)<\/span>
\n\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 = \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 + \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 (Sveiby 1998) \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n– \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 Competence (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629). <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629). <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646). <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 (Brooking 1997) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n– \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637. <\/span>
\n– \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 <\/span>
\n– \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 Infrastructure Assets: \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 (Edevinsson 1996) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n– \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n– \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n– \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a: <\/span>
\n2\/3\/3\/1 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. (Liebowitz 1999)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Murray 2000, Spernder 2000)<\/span>
\n2\/3\/3\/2 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0623 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 (Flamholtz 1985) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 = \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 <\/span>
\n+ \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 + \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628<\/span>
\n+ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 <\/span>
\n\u0628 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 (Flamhotz 1985) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 = \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0649 + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 + \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 + \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0649. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Value of Labor Product \u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a Wages or Salaries \u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Labor Cost Differences \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f Earnings Allocation. <\/span>
\n\u062f- \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 2003 \u060c Cascio1998 \u060c Porter, et.-al, 1987 \u060c Invancevich 1992). <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: (Cascio 1998)<\/span>
\n– \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. <\/span>
\n– \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 Fring Benefits – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 – \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 = \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 (\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 + \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 + \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 + \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 + \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 + \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n5- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0649) \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: <\/span>
\n1- \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: <\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (Nadler and Lawler 1977) \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n– \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 Expectancy). <\/span>
\n– \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 Instrumentality). <\/span>
\n– \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 =\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c) (\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c)\u00e7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621) (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u00e7(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f <\/span>
\n= \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00d7 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n(Locke 1976)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629. (Smith, et.-al. 1969)<\/span>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647. (Kanungo 1982)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0649. <\/span>
\n(Kanungo 1982)<\/span><\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 (Madway, et.-al. 1981) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0649. <\/span>
\n(Meyer and Allen 1990)<\/span>
\n5- \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. (George and Brief 1992)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Pearce and Gregerson 1991) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 <\/span>
\nEmployee Empowerment Strategy<\/span>
\n2\/4\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. (Lawler, et.-al. 2001)<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. <\/span>
\n(Klein, et.-al. 1998)<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. (Bowen and Lawler 1995)<\/span>
\n2\/4\/2 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (Conger 1988) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629”. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Gibson 1991) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (Irvin, et.-al. 1999) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647”. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Kanter 1979) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (Chondler 1992) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629”. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Schutz 1994) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Kanugo 1988) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647”. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (Thomas and Velthouse 1990) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0647\u0649:<\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647. <\/span>
\n2- \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span>
\n3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n4- \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629”. <\/span>
\n2\/4\/3 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: <\/span>
\n\u0642\u0633\u0645 (Suominen 2005) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n2\/4\/4 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646:<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. (Prosad & Eylon 2001)<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Conger & Kanungo 1988)<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a. (Bowen, et.-al. 1995)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 (Bowen & Lawler 1995) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0649. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 (Conger and Kanungo 1988) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 (Thomas & Velthouse 1990) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u060c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0649. \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 (Wendt 2001) \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649. <\/span>
\n(Boje and Rosali 2001)<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0649. (Jacques 1996)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f (Barker 1993) \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: <\/span>
\n\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n1- \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. <\/span>
\n2- \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. <\/span>
\n3- \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n4- \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n5- \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. <\/span>
\n6- \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/span>
\n7- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649. <\/span>
\n8- \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u062e\u0649 2002)<\/span>
\n2\/5 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 Internal Marketing Strategy <\/span>
\n2\/5\/1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/span>
\n\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u060c 1995). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649.<\/span>
\n(Ballantyne 1997, Cooper & Cronin 2000)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Harrel & Fors 1992)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627. <\/span>
\n(Berry 1981, Gronroos 1985, Flipio 1986)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: <\/span>
\n1- \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n2- \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n(Payne 1993)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: <\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. (George 1990)<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631. (Gronroos 1990)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u061f (\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f).<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649\u061f (\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u061f)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 <\/span>
\n(2)<\/span>
\n\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 <\/span>
\n(4)<\/span>
\n\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 <\/span>
\n(1) \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 <\/span>
\n(3)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/span>
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2\/5) \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/span>
\nSusan, K. Foreman, Internal Marketing; Concepts, Measurement and Applications Journal of Marketing Management, (Vol. 3, No. 11,1995), PP.755-768.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2\/5) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627: <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a. <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2): \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647. <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3): \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n(Forman 1995)<\/span>
\n2\/5\/2 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 “\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629”. <\/span>
\n(Varey & Lewis, 1999)<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. (Foreman 1995)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 (Ballantyne 1997)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629). \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646. (William 1990) <\/span>
\n2\/5\/3 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649:<\/span>
\n\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. (Vandermerue 1990)<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. <\/span>
\n(Payne 1993)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n[ \u0623 ] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649. <\/span>
\n[\u0628] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: <\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646. <\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n1- \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061f <\/span>
\n2- \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u061f <\/span>
\n3- \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u061f <\/span>
\n4- \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061f (Varey 1995)<\/span>
\n2\/6 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n2\/6\/1 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0649 \u2013 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: <\/span>
\n2\/6\/1\/1 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/span>
\n\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0646 55 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646) \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u060c \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649: <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629: \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u200c\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. <\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <\/span>
\n\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0641. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0628- \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. <\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645. <\/span>
\n\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629: <\/span>
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645: <\/span>
\n\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/span>
\n1- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631: \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. <\/span>
\n2- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631: \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n3- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0649 Job Rotation \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. <\/span>
\n4- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 8 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. <\/span>
\n5- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. <\/span>
\n6- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0649 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. <\/span>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0623- \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0647. <\/span>
\n\u200c\u0628- \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642. <\/span>
\n2\/6\/1\/3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 – \u0628\u062d\u062b – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 2006 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1786,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-23","category-47"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dr-ama.com\/beta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}